Pros and Cons of Different Languages
Post: #31Blacktiger Wrote:I like beautiful code.
Any examples?
Sir, e^iπ + 1 = 0, hence God exists; reply!
Post: #32
An example of some nice Haskell. This was my final project for my senior elective at KU. Haskell is still not my favorite language, but it does show that you can write good code in any paradigm. If you want to run it you will need GHC. The test functions at the bottom work, but I was having a problem with the old database entries not being removed. I was going to fix it but my professor told me that it was fine and to enjoy graduation. I may go back later to fix it, but I haven't had the motivation yet. 
Code:
{-# OPTIONS -fglasgow-exts #-}
{-# OPTIONS -fallow-undecidable-instances #-}
{-# OPTIONS -fno-monomorphism-restriction #-}
{- Define the Company data structure. -}
data Company = C [Dept] deriving (Eq, Show)
data Dept = D Name Manager [SubUnit] deriving (Eq, Show)
data SubUnit = EU Empl | DU Dept deriving (Eq, Show)
data Empl = E Person Salary deriving (Eq, Show)
data Person = P Name Address deriving (Eq, Show)
data Salary = S Float deriving (Eq, Show)
type Manager = Empl
type Name = String
type Address = String
{- Define the State Monad -}
data State s o = State (s->(s,o))
instance Monad (State (Return Company)) where
return o = (State (\s->(s,o)))
(State st0) >>= op =
State $ \s0 -> let
(s1, o) = (st0 s0)
(State st1) = (op o)
in (st1 s1)
get = State(\s->(s, s))
put s = State(\s->(s, ()))
modify f = State $ \s->(f s, ())
runState (State f) s0 = (f s0)
db (state, output) = state
result (state, output) = output
{- Define Exception Throwing -}
data Return e = Return e | Exception String deriving Eq
instance (Show e)=>Show (Return e) where
show (Return value) = show value
show (Exception error) = show error
instance Monad Return where
return a = Return a
(Return a) >>= f = f a
(Exception a) >>= f = Exception a
printStr (Return c) = putStr c
{-
(findDept name company) - Locate a department with name in company.
(findEmpl name department) - Locate an employee in a department.
(addDept department company) - Add a department in a company.
(addEmpl employee department) - Add an employee in a department.
-}
class Database t where
findDept::String->t->Return Dept
findDept n d = Exception "Attempted to find department in the wrong structure!"
findEmpl::String->t->Return Empl
findEmpl n e = Exception "Attempted to find employee in the wrong structure!"
addDept ::Dept->t->Return t
addDept d c = Exception "Unable to add department to non-company structure!"
addEmpl ::Empl->t->Return Dept
addEmpl e d = Exception "Unable to add employee to non-department structure!"
toXml::t->Return String
toXml c = Return (xml c "")
xml::t->String->String
instance Database Company where
findDept name (C ds) = findDept name ds
findEmpl name (C ds) = findEmpl name ds
addDept department (C ds) = Return (C (department:ds))
xml (C ds) indent = "<company>\n"++(xml ds (" "))++indent++"</company>"
instance Database Dept where
findDept name (D dept m subunits) = if name == dept
then Return (D name m subunits)
else findDept name subunits
findEmpl name (D _ manager subunits) = case (findEmpl name manager) of
Exception m -> (findEmpl name subunits)
Return value -> Return value
addDept dept (D n m subunits) = Return (D n m ((DU dept):subunits))
addEmpl empl (D n m subunits) = Return (D n m ((EU empl):subunits))
xml (D n m sus) indent = indent++"<department name=\""++n++"\" >\n"++
(xml m (indent++" "))++"\n"++(xml sus (indent++" "))++
indent++"</department>"
instance Database SubUnit where
findDept name (DU dept) = findDept name dept
findDept name (EU dept) = Exception "Looking for Dept in Empl!"
findEmpl name (DU empl) = Exception "Looking for Empl in Dept!"
findEmpl name (EU empl) = findEmpl name empl
xml (DU dept) indent = indent++"<subunit type=\"department\">\n"++
(xml dept (indent++" "))++
"\n"++indent++"</subunit>"
xml (EU empl) indent = indent++"<subunit type=\"employee\">\n"++
(xml empl (indent++" "))++
"\n"++indent++"</subunit>"
instance Database Empl where
findEmpl name (E (P ename a) s) = if name == ename
then Return (E (P ename a) s)
else Exception (name++" was not found")
xml (E p s) indent = indent++"<employee "++(xml p indent)++(xml s indent)++"/>"
instance Database Person where
xml (P n a) indent = "name=\""++n++"\" address=\""++a++"\" "
instance Database Salary where
xml (S a) indent = "salary=\""++(show a)++"\" "
instance (Database d)=>Database [d] where
findDept name (d:ds) = case (findDept name d) of
(Exception m) -> (findDept name ds)
(Return value) -> Return value
findDept name [] = Exception (name++" was not found.")
findEmpl name (d:ds) = case (findEmpl name d) of
Exception m -> (findEmpl name ds)
Return value -> Return value
findEmpl name [] = Exception (name++" was not found.")
xml (d:ds) indent = (xml d indent)++"\n"++(xml ds indent)
xml [] indent = ""
-- Extra Operations
removeDeptD::String->Dept->(Return Dept)
removeDeptD dept (D n m subunits) = Return (D n m (removeDeptDR dept subunits))
removeDeptDR dept ((DU (D name m s)):ds) = if name == dept
then ds
else ((DU (D name m s)):(removeDeptDR dept ds))
removeDeptC::String->Company->(Return Company)
removeDeptC dept (C ds) = Return (C (removeDeptCR dept ds))
removeDeptCR n ((D name m s):ds) = if name == n
then ds
else (D name m s):ds
{- Recursive Bindings for Search and Insert Operations -}
searchDeptC::[String]->Return Company->Return Dept
searchDeptC (d:ds) c = searchDeptD ds (c >>= (findDept d))
searchDeptD (d:ds) r = searchDeptD ds (r >>= (findDept d))
searchDeptD [] r = r
searchEmplC::[String]->Return Company->Return Empl
searchEmplC (d:ds) c = searchEmplD ds (c >>= (findDept d))
searchEmplD (d:ds) r = if ds == []
then r >>= (findEmpl d)
else searchEmplD ds (r >>= (findDept d))
insertDeptC::[String]->Dept->Return Company->Return Company
insertDeptC _ _ (Exception e) = Exception e
insertDeptC [] d r = r >>= (addDept d)
insertDeptC (d:ds) new r = case insertDeptD ds new (r >>= (findDept d)) of
(Return dept) -> r >>= (removeDeptC d) >>= (addDept dept)
(Exception e) -> Exception e
insertDeptD::[String]->Dept->Return Dept->Return Dept
insertDeptD (d:ds) new r = case insertDeptD ds new (r >>= findDept d) of
(Return dept) -> r >>= (removeDeptD d) >>= (addDept dept)
(Exception e) -> Exception e
insertDeptD [] new r = r >>= addDept new
insertEmplC::[String]->Empl->Return Company->Return Company
insertEmplC _ _ (Exception e) = Exception e
insertEmplC (d:ds) e r = case insertEmplD ds e (r >>= (findDept d)) of
(Return dept) -> r >>= (removeDeptC d) >>= (addDept dept)
(Exception e) -> Exception e
insertEmplD (d:ds) e r = case insertEmplD ds e (r >>= findDept d) of
(Return dept) -> r >>= (removeDeptD d) >>= (addDept dept)
(Exception e) -> Exception e
insertEmplD [] e (Return (D n m sus)) = (Return (D n m ((EU e):sus)))
-- A Company for testing.
myCompany = C myDepts
myDepts = [research, management]
research = D "Research" george [EU joe, EU dan]
management = D "Management" bob [DU personnel]
personnel = D "Personnel" alex [DU hresources]
hresources = D "Human Resources" jane [EU kathy]
alex = E (P "Alex" "2 No Life Lane") (S 15.3)
bob = E (P "BOB" "They're Everywhere!") (S 20.5)
dan = E (P "Dan" "20 Second Best Street") (S 30.6)
george = E (P "George" "1 Main Street") (S 10.1)
jane = E (P "Jane" "10 Plane Street") (S 5.2)
joe = E (P "Joe" "12 Blue Street") (S 28.3)
mike = E (P "Mike" "101 Cool Lane") (S 10.8)
kathy = E (P "Kathy" "12 Dark Drive") (S 8.2)
-- Test the addDept Function
testAD = addDept research (C [])
testAE = addEmpl alex management
testS = (searchDeptC ["Personnel", "Human Resources"] (Return myCompany))
{-
Parts 3->7
Note that a department must have a manager and the manager must be created
this implementation is missing the seperation a real database would have.
-}
dotest = do {
database <- get;
database2 <- modify (insertDeptC [] (D "Research" george []));
database3 <- modify (insertDeptC [] (D "Management" bob []));
database5 <- modify (insertEmplC ["Research"] joe);
database6 <- modify (insertEmplC ["Research"] dan);
database6 <- modify (insertEmplC ["Research"] alex);
return (searchDeptC ["Research"] database)
}
runtest = (result (runState dotest (Return (C []))))
runtest1 = printStr ((db (runState dotest (Return (C[])))) >>= toXml)
dotest3 = do {
database <- get;
database2 <- modify (insertDeptC [] (D "Research" george []));
database3 <- modify (insertDeptC [] (D "Management" bob []));
database4 <- modify (insertDeptC ["Management"] (D "Personnel" alex []));
database5 <- modify (insertDeptC ["Management", "Personnel"] (D "Human Resources" jane []));
database5 <- modify (insertEmplC ["Research"] joe);
database6 <- modify (insertEmplC ["Research"] dan);
database7 <- modify (insertEmplC ["Management", "Personnel", "Human Resources"] kathy);
return "Done"
}
test3 = runState dotest3 (Return (C []))
company = db (runState dotest3 (Return (C [])))
dotest4 = do {
database <- get;
case (searchEmplC ["Management", "Personnel", "Human Resources", "Kathy"] database) of
(Return (E (P name _) _)) -> return (name++" was found.")
(Exception e) -> return e
}
test4 = result (runState dotest4 company)
dotest5 = do {
database <- get;
case (searchEmplC ["Management", "Personnel", "Human Resources", "Alex"] database) of
(Return (E (P name _) _)) -> return (name++" was found.")
(Exception e) -> return e
}
test5 = result (runState dotest5 company)
dotest6 = do {
database <- get;
result <- let (Return (E (P n a) s)) = (searchEmplC ["Management", "Personnel", "Human Resources", "Kathy"] database)
in modify (insertEmplC ["Management", "Personnel", "Human Resources"] (E (P "Coolio" a) s));
return result
}
test6 = db (runState dotest6 company)
test7 = printStr (company >>= toXml)
Post: #33
That some of the hardest code to read if you don't know Haskel (or similar languages). I can't make any sense of it 
Post: #34bronxbomber92 Wrote:That some of the hardest code to read if you don't know Haskel (or similar languages). I can't make any sense of it
Having never seen any Haskel code before I would not say it is hard to work out what is going on. No harder than looking at any other unknown language. Or maybe I just have years of experience reading code in various languages not written by myself.
Post: #35
There's a lot I don't like about this code like syntactically its very compacted which makes it harder to read that normal haskell, also you are generating structured output (XML) in a non structured way (raw string concatenation) which to me seems like missing the point. all in all theres a lot of mention of data types Monads and instances which aren't at the heart of the problem you are trying to solve..
My favorite haskell code this definition of the Y combinator
It highlights that haskell is lazy and its the most intuitive definition of how I (at least) would explain it.
I guess we look for different things and I can see why you don't like lisp (programming structurally)
My favorite haskell code this definition of the Y combinator
Code:
y f = f (y f)It highlights that haskell is lazy and its the most intuitive definition of how I (at least) would explain it.
I guess we look for different things and I can see why you don't like lisp (programming structurally)
Sir, e^iπ + 1 = 0, hence God exists; reply!
Post: #36unknown Wrote:all in all theres a lot of mention of data types Monads and instances which aren't at the heart of the problem you are trying to solve..
Well that code was for our final monad project, so there are a fair amount of unnecessary concepts there, but I think the use of the code is fairly straightforward otherwise. And of course, "beauty is in the eye of the beholder".
I thought of another project that I did, this one just for fun. I wrote an xhtml helper script for PHP that is somewhat similar to the perl html stuff. This is what using it looks like.
Code:
<?php include_once('xhtml.php');
$page = new xhtml("My Test Page");
$page->body->contents[] = xhtml::p("A sample paragraph.");
$page->body->contents[] = xhtml::h1("A sample header.");
$page->body->contents[] = xhtml::h2("Colored Text!", array('color'=>'blue'));
print $page;
?>It only looks great if you already know PHP I think, just because I used the append operator built-in to PHP. I also used static class methods, and it just so happens that the call for them looks like scope resolution.
Post: #37
I must say that that php script is rather clean and 'beautiful'...especially compared to most of the ones I write
-wyrmmage
-wyrmmage
Worlds at War (Current Project) - http://www.awkward-games.com/forum/
Post: #38
PHP's syntax makes me feel like I'm swearing all the time because of the unnecessary dollar signs. Also, the class system is poorly implemented and awkward to use. Overall, the language feels like it has the speed of an interpreted language and the programming of a low-level language: the worst of both worlds.
If you want a clean, beautiful language, try lisp (or its variants), ruby, or ARM assembly. Hell, even brainfuck is better.
If you want a clean, beautiful language, try lisp (or its variants), ruby, or ARM assembly. Hell, even brainfuck is better.
It's not magic, it's Ruby.
Post: #40
PHP5's object oriented features more closely resemble c++, and that makes it easy for a lot of programmers to learn it quickly. I do have to say that I like the idea of 'magic methods' but I don't think PHP uses them to the fullest. For example, I'd like to be able to define a magic method to replicate the normal $obj->var syntax but override the behavior. It seems to me like these should be used for allowing the programmer to override certain language features.
Post: #41
I've been programming games in Python for years now. I don't understand all those comments at the start of the thread about Python's inconsistency. The language creator has always held a very tight leash on changes to the language such that it's always felt like any new feature fits in well with the rest of the language...
Anyhoo - the next Python Game Programming Challenge will start in a month. A perfect time to get your hands dirty
Anyhoo - the next Python Game Programming Challenge will start in a month. A perfect time to get your hands dirty
Possibly Related Threads...
| Thread: | Author | Replies: | Views: | Last Post | |
| Best/Fastest - What do the pros use? | carmine | 6 | 3,603 |
Jun 6, 2008 11:51 AM Last Post: arekkusu |
|
| High and Low Level Languages | FlamingHairball | 22 | 9,235 |
Jan 8, 2008 10:23 PM Last Post: PowerMacX |
|
| What languages do you need for a MMORPG? | Lost22 | 12 | 5,171 |
Nov 20, 2007 01:07 AM Last Post: Lost22 |
|
| Re-introduction of low level languages? | Duane | 4 | 2,924 |
Oct 30, 2007 03:10 AM Last Post: OneSadCookie |
|
| Some questions on languages from a new guy (...beginners) | ProfessorApe | 20 | 7,484 |
Jan 24, 2007 03:10 PM Last Post: leRiCl |
|